By applying atomic force microscope to the flat in-plane polycrystalline microstructure, pressure-dependent topographic evolutions can be studied with respect to surface dihedral angle and groove geometry. Using a cold-sintered zinc oxide densified at 200 °C as a model system, this study demonstrates an experimental methodology for the quantification of relative grain boundary energetics in cold-sintered material systems and an associated geometric model for connecting the morphological change and underlying mechanochemical phenomenon at various uniaxial pressures ranging from 70 to 475 MPa. Depending on the applied pressure, the anisotropic grain growth, normal grain growth, and coarsening of particles are distinctively observed according to the changes in the groove geometry, suggesting that the growth kinetics can be considered as a function of pressure.
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Cold sintering is an emerging non-equilibrium process methodology that densifies ceramic powders at significantly reduced temperatures. This study proposes a fundamental framework to investigate its densification kinetics. By controlling four densification process variables including the transient chemistry, sintering temperature, uniaxial pressure and dwell time, the anisothermal sintering kinetics of highly densified ZnO is identified and phenomenologically modeled for its relative activation energetics.more » « less
